A crash course in major, minor and exotic forex currency pairs

When it comes to forex trading, you always deal with two currencies at a time. This means that when placing a buy trade, you’re simultaneously buying one currency while selling another in what’s known as a currency pair.

Let’s say you think that the US dollar is going to go down and you want to place a trade to take advantage of this opportunity. In this case, you’re going to need to sell USD against another currency through your broker.

As both currency pairs feature the US dollar, you could sell USD/JPY or buy CAD/USD. Your buy or sell direction will just depend on which currency is quoted first and which currency your analysis tells you will outperform the rest.

How currency pairs are quoted

A currency pair is always structured in the same way, following a universally accepted ranking order and always showing the value of a base currency (the first) being traded against a quote (the second) currency.

Take the EUR/USD currency pair as an example. We can see that the euro is ranked relatively higher than the US dollar and the quote will show how much a single euro is worth in US dollars.

There are three types of currency pairs that you need to be aware of, these being the majors, minors and exotics.

Major currency pairs

The major currency pairs are considered any market that features the US dollar. The majors are the most frequently traded currency pairs and are therefore the most liquid forex markets to trade.

As a forex trader, this liquidity means that the majors feature relatively stable prices and the lowest spreads – or brokerage costs – when taking a position in any of these currency pairs.

Major currency pairs:
EUR/USD	Euro/US dollar
USD/JPY	US dollar/Japanese yen
GBP/USD	British pound/US dollar
USD/CHF	US dollar/Swiss franc
USD/CAD	US dollar/Canadian dollar
AUD/USD	Australian dollar/US dollar
NZD/USD	New Zealand dollar/US dollar

It’s interesting to note that the US dollar is the world’s leading reserve currency and is involved in about 88% of currency trades globally. Drilling down one step further, the EUR/USD currency pair is the most heavily traded and therefore liquid currency pair in the world. If you’re going to open a forex trading account, this is the pair to start trading first.

Minor currency pairs

If a currency pair doesn’t feature the US dollar, it’s considered to be a minor currency pair. The minors are sometimes called currency crosses because the market means you’re no longer required to first go through US dollars, as was once the case.

The minors aren’t as liquid as the majors, meaning you’ll see that they move more erratically and have wider spreads displayed on your forex trading account.

Minor currency pairs:
EUR/GBP	Euro/British pound
EUR/AUD	Euro/Australian dollar
AUD/NZD	Australian dollar/New Zealand dollar
GBP/JPY	British pound/Japanese yen
CHF/JPY	Swiss franc/Japanese yen
NZD/JPY	New Zealand dollar/Japanese yen
GBP/CAD	British pound/Canadian dollar

The most widely traded minor currency pairs consist of pairs in which the individual currencies are also majors. Some of the more popular minors are EUR/GBP, GBP/JPY and AUD/NZD.

Exotic currency pairs

The final type of currency pair is known as an exotic. The exotics are essentially minors that feature currencies of emerging market economies.

The nature of emerging markets is that they’re less stable and much more variable as a result. This means that when it comes to trading exotic currency pairs, you’ll experience wild price swings and much wider spreads.

Exotic currency pairs:
EUR/TRY	Euro/Turkish lira
USD/HKD	US dollar/Hong Kong dollar
JPY/NOK	Japanese yen/Norwegian krone
NZD/SGD	New Zealand dollar/Singapore dollar
GBP/ZAR	British pound/South African rand
AUD/MXN	Australian dollar/Mexican peso

Keep in mind that the wide spreads mean you may not see your trade executed at the price you expect. When you’re trading exotics, you need to make sure you know what you’re doing and manage your risk accordingly.

Which currency pairs should I trade?

Picking the right currency pairs to trade on your account depends on your experience as a forex trader. If you’re new to the game, it’s best to stick with the major and minor pairs. This is because the markets are much more stable and you’ll get lower spreads. Exotic pairs are more difficult to work with because they’re much more erratic and their low liquidity means you’ll see higher spreads.

Whichever currency pairs you decide to trade, simply make sure you’re managing your risk. It’s imperative to understand that while the opportunity for moves may be larger in the exotics, this also means that your risks are amplified if the market moves against you.

Frequently asked questions

• How do I start trading forex?

  You can see a full list of forex currency pairs available to trade by downloading a trading platform from a broker such as IG Markets.

• Do I need a lot of money to start trading forex?

  Forex is a lot more accessible to trade than, for example, the stock market because of the ability to use leverage. Many forex brokers have no minimum deposit, but no matter your account size, it is still imperative that you first learn to manage your risk.