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Investing in lithium stocks

A precious metal with increasing demand — what you should know before you invest.

Kimberly Ellis's headshot

By

Kimberly Ellis

Edited by

Holly Jennings

Updated

Fact checked

Lithium has multiple applications, from consumer to military. But investors should be wary of lithium’s delicate supply and demand levels before diving into this stock.f

What is Lithium?

Lithium is a chemical element on the periodic table. This metal is soft and white, giving it the nickname “white petroleum.” While lithium has been traditionally used in ceramic and glass production, it’s now more popularly used in rechargeable batteries in smartphones, laptops and electric cars.

Lithium also strengthens other metals. For example, lithium alloys, such as aluminum-lithium, are used in bicycle frames and aircrafts. In the pharmaceutical industry, lithium is used to balance neurotransmitters in the brain to treat bipolar disorder.

Chile, Australia and Argentina are the three largest lithium producers in the world, according to a 2020 US Geological Survey.

Trajectory of the lithium market

There are two main ways to invest in lithium: lithium producers and companies that rely on lithium as a raw material.

Companies that produce lithium can either mine hard rock or harvest lithium-brine deposits. Mining removes lithium from a mineral using a drill while harvesting brine deposits extracts lithium that has dissolved in groundwater through evaporation. The brine technique takes approximately 18 months, which is slower than traditional mining.

On the other hand, companies that use lithium generally focus on lithium-ion batteries and devices. For example, electric vehicles rely on lithium as the basis for its green technology. So, price fluctuations and changes in the lithium market can directly affect company stocks that use lithium as a raw material.

Why invest in lithium stocks?

The world is progressively more technology-driven. Rechargeable lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have multiple applications — from consumer smartphones and laptops to military voice and data radios. Lithium plays an essential role across mobile technologies, with the demand for lithium-ion batteries set to triple by 2025, according to S&P Global.

And as the global market for electric vehicles grows, the annual lithium demand for batteries is expected to skyrocket. According to Global EV Outlook’s technology report from June 2020, the global electric vehicle stock is set to grow by 36% every year, totaling 245 million vehicles by 2030 — or 30 times more than in 2020.

Risks of investing in lithium

Although the demand for lithium is soaring, lithium stocks have been drowning in a surge of new lithium producers from Chile, Argentina and Australia. When supply grows faster than the demand, it can trigger a sharp price drop and cause stocks to become undervalued.

Lithium-ion batteries also require cobalt to produce. Unfortunately, two-thirds of the world’s cobalt is mined in the Democratic Republic of Congo, making its supply susceptible to political instability. And since global cobalt mine supplies are also at risk of disappearing in 2020, there may not be enough cobalt to manufacture these batteries.

And it doesn’t help that there’s no benchmark price for lithium. So, investors can only base the industry’s value on a handful of companies. You’re flying blind without a full sense of the global market, leaving investors and banks struggling to manage risk.

Lithium stocks

You can invest in lithium stocks by purchasing shares of a specialty chemical company that produces lithium or a business that uses lithium technology. See how the following stocks are performing, and view details like market capitalization, the price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio, price/earnings-to-growth (PEG) ratio and dividend yield.

What exchange-traded funds (ETFs) track the lithium category?

Some ETFs follow the full lithium cycle from mining through battery production, while others specialize in the battery industry.

  • Global X Lithium & Battery Tech ETF (LIT)
  • First Trust Nasdaq Clean Edge Smart Green Energy ETF (QCLN)
  • Amplify Advanced Battery Metals and Materials ETF (BATT)

Bottom line

We can find lithium products in our everyday lives. The increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries in mobile devices and electric vehicles keeps this stock on investors’ radars.

But to invest in lithium, you’ll need a brokerage account. Weigh a few trading platforms to find a brokerage firm that best fits your investing needs.

Frequently asked questions

Who is the largest lithium supplier?

Albemarle (ALB) is considered the largest lithium supplier and miner in the world.

How much does lithium cost?

Unlike most metals, lithium has no traded price. Many companies sell their lithium on long-term contracts.

How rare is lithium?

Although the supply for lithium either exceeds or matches the demand in recent years, lithium is a comparatively rare element because you can only find it in low concentrations, according to the Handbook of Lithium and National Calcium.

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Holly Jennings's headshot
To make sure you get accurate and helpful information, this guide has been edited by Holly Jennings as part of our fact-checking process.
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Written by

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Kimberly Ellis is a personal finance writer at Finder, specializing in banking and financial literacy. After teaching in public and private schools, Kimberly zeroed in on personal financial education to help families and kids develop lifelong money skills. She hails from New York City, graduating summa cum laude from Queens College with a BA in elementary education and mathematics, as well as a New York State teaching certificate. She’s also an aspiring polyglot, always in a book and forever on the hunt for the perfect classic red lipstick. See full bio

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Kimberly has written 86 Finder guides across topics including:
  • Kids' banking
  • Financial literacy for kids
  • K–12 education
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